Chapters 5 and 6

Chapter 5 Quiz: Tuesday, October 20, 2009
Chapter 5 and 6 Exam: Friday, October 23, 2009
Chapter Resources for Chapters 5 and 6, Miller 15th edition

Chapter 5
Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity

Objectives
1. Distinguish between weather and climate. Summarize how warm fronts, cold fronts, high-pressure air masses, and low-pressure air masses affect weather.

2. Describe at least five different factors that contribute to global air-circulation patterns.

3. Describe how ocean currents generally redistribute heat.

4. Define greenhouse effect. Name greenhouse gases. State the significance of the greenhouse effect.

5. Describe the general effects of the following microclimates: windward and leeward sides of a mountain, forests, cities.

6. Describe how climate affects the distribution of plant life on Earth. Draw connections between biomes and the following plants, which are particularly adapted for different biomes: succulent plants, broadleaf evergreen plants, broadleaf deciduous plants, coniferous evergreen plants.

7. Compare the climate and adaptations of plants and animals in deserts, grasslands, and forests. Describe the distinctive qualities of a chaparral ecosystem. Be sure to distinguish among the three major kinds of forests.

8. Compare the biodiversity and stratification in the three major kinds of forests.

9. Describe how a mountain ecosystem is like an "island of biodiversity."

Key Terms (Terms appear in the same font as they appear in the text.)
alpine tundra (p. 115)
arctic tundra (p. 114)
average precipitation (p. 101)
average temperature (p. 101)
biomes (p. 106)
boreal forests (p. 120)
broadleaf deciduous trees (p. 119)
broadleaf evergreen plants (p. 117)
browsing (p. 111)
canopy (p. 118)
chaparral (p. 115)
climate (p. 101)
coastal coniferous forests (p. 121)
cold deserts (p. 108)
coniferous evergreen trees (p. 120)
convection (p. 103)
Coriolis effect (p. 102)
desert (p. 108)
elevation (p. 101)
evergreen coniferous forests (p. 120)
forest (p. 117)
global warming (p. 104)
grasslands (p. 111)
grazing (p. 111)
greenhouse effect (p. 104)
greenhouse gases (p. 104)
Gulf Stream (p. 103)
islands of biodiversity (p. 122)
latitude (p. 101)
microclimates (p. 105)
monsoons (p. 105)
muskegs (p. 121)
permafrost (p. 114)
polar grasslands (p. 114)
prairies (p. 108)
prevailing winds (p. 102)
savanna (p. 111)
short-grass prairies (p. 108)
southern pine forests (p. 121)
succulent plants (p. 108)
taigas (p. 120)
tall-grass prairies (p. 108)
temperate deciduous forests (p. 119)
temperate deserts (p. 108)
temperate grasslands (p. 108)
temperate rain forests (p. 121)
temperate shrubland (p. 115)
tropical deserts (p. 108)
tropical dry forests (p. 119)
tropical rain forests (p. 117)
weather (p. 101)


Chapter 6
Aquatic Biodiversity

Objectives
1. Summarize the distribution of light, salt, and temperature in different aquatic life zones.

2. Evaluate the significance of the ecological contributions of the oceans.

3. Briefly describe the characteristics and ecological significance of coral reefs. Describe environmental and economic problems of coral reefs.

4. Distinguish between coastal and inland wetlands. Describe the ecological functions performed by wetlands. Describe environmental problems associated with coastal and inland wetlands.

5. List and compare the four zones of a lake. Distinguish between oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes. Describe stratification and a turnover in a lake.

6. Define watershed. List and distinguish the three zones of a river system.

Key Terms (Terms are listed in the same font style as they appear in the text.)
abyssal zone (p. 135)
arctic tundra (p. 140)
barrier beaches (p. 133)
barrier islands (p. 133)
bathyal zone (p. 135)
benthic zone (p. 137)
benthos (p. 128)
coastal wetland (p. 129)
coastal zone (p. 129)
continental shelf (p. 129)
coral bleaching (p. 126)
coral reefs (p. 133)
cultural eutrophication (p. 138)
decomposers (p. 128)
deposit feeders (p. 135)
drainage basin (p. 138)
estuary (p. 129)
euphotic zone (p. 128)
euphotic zone (p. 135)
eutrophic lake (p. 138)
filter feeders (p. 135)
floodplain zone (p. 138)
floodplains (p. 140)
flowing (lotic) (p. 136)
freshwater (p. 127)
freshwater life zones (p. 136)
inland wetlands (p. 140)
intertidal zone (p. 131)
lakes (p. 136)
limnetic zone (p. 136)
littoral zone (p. 136)
mangrove forests (p. 129)
marshes (p. 140)
mesotrophic lake (p. 138)
nekton (p. 128)
oligotrophic lake (p. 138)
open sea (p. 135)
overturns (p. 137)
phytoplankton (p. 128)
plankton (p. 128)
polyps (p. 126)
prairie potholes (p. 140)
profundal zone (p. 137)
rocky shores (p. 132)
runoff (p. 138)
salinity (p. 127)
saltwater (marine) (p. 127)
sandy shores (p. 133)
seasonal wetlands (p. 140)
source zone (p. 138)
standing (lentic) (p. 136)
surface water (p. 138)
swamps (p. 140)
tides (p. 131)
transition zone (p. 138)
ultraplankton (p. 128)
watershed (p. 138)
xooxanthellae (p. 126)
zooplankton (p. 128)